Metallurgy & Heat Treatment of Meta

1. Balls for ball bearings are made of

(a) cast iron

(b) mild steel

(c) stainless steel

(d) carbon-chrome steel

Ans: d                                                                          

2. White cast iron

(a) contains 1.7 to 3.5% carbon in free state and is obtained by the slow cooling of molten cast iron

(b) is also known as chilled cast iron and is obtained by cooling rapidly. It is almost unmachinable

(c) is produced by annealing process. It is soft, tough and easily machined metal

(d) is produced by small additions of magnesium (or creium) in the ladle. Graphite is in nodular or spheroidal form and is well dispersed throughout the material

Ans: b

123. Which of the following element results in presence of free graphite in C.I.

(a) carbon

(b) sulphur

(c) silicon

(d) manganese

(e) phosphorous.

Ans: c

126. Pipes for bicycle frames are made of

(a) cold rolled steel

(b) hot rolled steel

(c) forged steel

(d) cast steel

(e) carbon-chrome steel.

Ans: a

125. Cold rolled steel sheets contain carbon of the following order

(a) 0.1%

(b) 0.2%

(c) 0.4%

(d) 0.6%

Ans: a

 

144. The usual composition of a soldering alloy is

(a) tin, lead and small percentage of antimony

(b) tin and lead

(c) tin, lead and silver

(d) tin and copper

Ans: a

145. Admiralty brass used for steam condenser tubes contains copper and zinc in the following ratio

(a) 50 : 50

(b) 30 : 70

(c) 70 : 30

(d) 40 : 60

Ans: b

146. Corrosion resistance of steel is increased by adding

(a) chromium and nickel

(b) nickel and molybdenum

(c) aluminium and zinc

(d) tungsten and sulfur

Ans: a

147. Corrundum contains more than 95%

(a) steel

(b) A1₂O₃

(c) SiO₂

(d) MgO

Ans: b

148. Alnico, an alloy used extensively for permanent magnets contains iron, nickel, aluminium and cobalt in the following ratio

(a) 50 : 20 : 20 : 10

(b) 40 : 30 : 20 : 10

(c) 50 : 20 : 10 : 20

(d) 30 : 20 : 30 : 20

Ans: a

149. If a refractory contains high content of silicon, it means refractory is

(a) acidic

(b) basic

(c) neutral

(d) brittle

Ans: c

150. Bell metal contains

(a) 70% copper and 30% zinc

(b) 90% copper and 10% tin

(c) 85-92% copper and rest tin with little lead and nickel

(d) 70-75% copper and rest tin

Ans: d

151. Which of the following is used for bearing liner

(a) gun metal

(b) bronze

(c) bell metal

(d) babbit metal

Ans: d

152. The correct sequence for descending order of machinability is

(a) grey cast iron, low carbon steel, wrought iron

(b) low carbon steel, grey cast iron, wrought iron

(c) wrought iron,low carbon steel, grey cast iron

(d) wrought iron, grey cast iron, low carbon steel

Ans: a

153. Structural steel contains following principal alloying elements

(a) nickel, chromium and manganese

(b) tungsten, molybdenum and phosphorous

(c) lead, tin, aluminium

(d) zinc, sulphur, and chromium

Ans: a

154. Aluminium bronze contains aluminium and copper in the ratio of

(a) 50 : 50

(b) 40 : 60

(c) 60 : 40

(d) 10 : 90

Ans: d

155. Bronze contains

(a) 70% copper and 30% zinc

(b) 90% copper and 10% tin

(c) 85-92% copper and rest tin with little lead and nickel

(d) 70-75% copper and rest tin

Ans: b

156. Muntz metal contains copper and zinc in the ratio of

(a) 50 : 50

(b) 40 : 60

(c) 60 : 40

(d) 20 : 80

Ans: c

157. Gun metal contains

(a) 70% copper and 30% zinc

(b) 90% copper and 10% tin

(c) 85-92% copper and rest tin with little lead and nickel

(d) 70-78% copper and rest tin

Ans: c

158. Perminvar alloy having constant permeability is an alloy of

(a) nickel, copper and iron

(b) nickel, copper and zinc

(c) copper, nickel and antimony

(d) iron, zinc and bismuth

Ans: a

159. The alloy used for making electrical resistances and heating elements is

(a) nichrome

(b) invar

(c) magnin

(d) elinvar

Ans: a

160. Monel metal contains

(a) 63 to 67% nickel and 30% copper

(b) 88% copper and 10% tin and rest zinc

(c) alloy of tin, lead and cadmium

(d) malleable iron and zinc

Ans: a

163. Permalloy is a

(a) kind of stainless steel

(b) none ferrous alloy

(c) polymer

(d) cutting tool material

Ans: e

164. Phosphor bronze contains

(a) 0.5% of phosphorous

(b) 1% phosphorous

(c) 2.5% phosphorous

(d) 5% phosphorous

Ans: e

165. Free cutting steels

(a) are used where ease in machining is the criterion

(b) contain carbon in free form

(c) require least cutting force

(d) do not exist

Ans: a

166. Delta metal is an alloy of

(a) copper, zinc and iron

(b) iron, nickel and copper

(c) iron, lead and tin

(d) iron, aluminium and magnesium

Ans: a

167. Admiralty gun metal contains

(a) 63 to 67% nickel and 30% copper

(b) 88% copper, 10% tin and rest zinc

(c) alloy of tin, lead and cadmium

(d) iron scrap and zinc

Ans: b

168. Which of the following alloys does not contain tin

(a) white metal

(b) solder admiralty

(c) fusible metal

(d) phosphor bronze

Ans: a

169. Which is false statement about properties of aluminium

(a) modulus of elasticity is fairly low

(b) wear resistance is very good

(c) fatigue strength is not high

(d) creep strength limits its use to fairly low temperatures

Ans: b

170. Addition of copper to aluminium results in

(a) improvement of casting characteristics

(b) improvement of corrosion resistance

(c) one of the best known age and precipitation-hardening systems

(d) improving machinability

Ans: c

171. Addition of manganese to aluminium results in

(a) improvement of casting characteristics

(b) improvement of corrosion resistance

(c) one of the best known age and precipitation-hardening systems

(d) improving machinability

Ans: b

172. Elinvar, an alloy used in precision instruments, hair springs for watches, etc. contains the following element as principal alloying element

(a) iron

(b) copper

(c) aluminium

 (d) nickel.

Ans: d

173. Which of the following alloys does not have copper as one of the constituents

(a) delta metal

(b) monel metal

(c) constantan

(d) nichrome

Ans: d

174. Addition of lead and bismuth to aluminium results in

(a) improvement of casting characteristics

(b) improvement of corrosion resistance

(c) one of the best known age and precipitation-hardening systems

(d) improving machinability

Ans: d

175. Addition of silicon to aluminium results in

(a) improvement of casting characteristics

(b) improvement of corrosion resistance

(c) one of the best known age and precipitation-hardening systems

(d) improving machinability

Ans: a

176. Constantant an alloy used in thermocouples is an alloy of

(a) copper and tin

(b) copper and zinc

(c) copper and iron

(d) copper and nickel

Ans: d

177. White metal contains

(a) 63 to 67% nickel and 30% copper

(b) 88% copper and 10% tin and rest zinc

(c) alloy of tin, lead and cadmium

(d) silver and chromium

Ans: c

178. German silver contains

(a) 1% silver

(b) 2.5% silver

(c) 5% silver

(d) 10% silver

Ans: c

179. Which of the following has highest specific strength of all structural materials

(a) magnesium alloys

(b) titanium alloys

(c) chromium alloys

(d) magnetic steel alloys

Ans: b

180. Dow metal contains

(a) 94% aluminium, 4% copper and 0.5% Mn, Mg, Si and Fe

(b) 92.5% aluminium and, 4% copper, 2% nickel and 1.5% Mg

(c) 90% aluminium and 90% copper

(d) 90% magnesium and 9% aluminium with some copper

Ans: d

 

183. Aluminium bronze contains

(a) 94% aluminium, 4% copper and 0.5% Mn, Mg, Si and Fe

(b) 92.5% aluminium, 4% copper, 2% nickel, and 1.5% Mg

(c) 10% aluminium and 90% copper

(d) 90% magnesium and 9% aluminium with some copper

Ans: c

184. Babbit metal is a

(a) lead base alloy

(b) tin base alloy

(c) copper base alloy

 (d) (a) and (c) above.

Ans: d

127. Large forgings, crank shafts, axles normally contain carbon up to

(a) 0.05 to 0.20%

(b) 0.20 to 0.45%

(c) 0.45 to 0.55%

(d) 0.55 to 1.0%

Ans: c

128. Heavy duty leaf and coil spring* contain carbon of the following order

(a) 0.2%

(b) 0.5%

(c) 0.8%

(d) 1.0%

Ans: d

129. Taps, dies and drills contain carbon

(a) below 0.5%

(b) below 1%

(c) above 1%

(d) above 2.2%

Ans: c

130. Drop forging dies contain carbon of the order of

(a) 0.1 to 0.2%

(b) 0.25 to 0.5%

(c) 0.6 to 0.7%

(d) 0.7 to 0.9%

Ans: c

 

185. The correct composition of Babbit metal is

(a) 87.75% Sn, 4% Cu, 8% Sb, 0.25% Bi

(b) 90% Sn, 2% Cu, 4% Sb, 2% Bi, 2% Mg

(c) 87% Sn, 4% Cu, 8% Sb, 1% Al

(d) 82% Sn, 4% Cu, 8% Sb, 3% Al, 3% Mg

Ans: a

186. DuraJomin contains

(a) 94% aluminium, 4% copper and 0.5% Mn, Mg, Si and Fe

(b) 92.5% aluminium, 40% copper, 2% nickel, and 1.5% Mg

(c) 10% aluminium and 90% copper

(d) 90% magnesium and 9% aluminium with some copper

Ans: a

 

190. Following elements have face-centred cubic structure

(a) gamma iron (910° to 1400°C), Cu, Ag, Au, Al, Ni, Pb, Pt

(b) Mg, Zn, Ti, Zr, Br, Cd

(c) a iron (below 910°C and between 1400 to 1539°C), W

(d) all of the above

Ans: a

191. Recrystallisation temperature can belowered by

(a) purification of metal

(b) grain refinement

(c) working at lower temperature

(d) all of the above

Ans: d

192. Pearlite is a combination of

(a) ferrite and cementite

(b) cementite and gamma iron

(c) ferrite and austenite

(d) ferrite and iron graphite

Ans: a

193. Austenite rs a combination of

(a) ferrite and cementite

(b) cementite and gamma iron

(c) ferrite and austenite

(d) ferrite and iron graphite

Ans: b

194. The transistor is made of

(a) silver

(b) gold

(c) copper

(d) germanium

Ans: d

195. Lead is poured into the joint between two pipes. These pipes may

be made of

(a) cast iron

(b) vitrified clay

(c) asbestos cement

(d) concrete

Ans: a

 

112. Grey cast iron

(a) contains 1.7 to 3.5% carbon in free state and is obtained by the slow cooling of molten cast iron

(b) is also known as chilled cast iron am is obtained by cooling rapidly. It i: almost unmachinable

(c) is produced by annealing process. I is soft, tough and easily machinec metal

(d) is produced by small additions o magnesium (or cerium) in the ladle Graphite is in nodular or spheroida form and is well dispersed throughout the material

Ans: a

113. Nodular iron has

(a) high maehinability

(b) low melting point

(c) high tensile strength

(d) all of the above.

Ans: d

114. Nickel in steel

(a) improves wear resistance, cutting ability and toughness

(b) refines grain size and produces less tendency to carburisation, improves corrosion and heat resistant proper¬ties

(c) improves cutting ability and reduces hardenability

(d) gives ductility, toughness, tensile strength and anticorrosion properties

Ans: d

138. Ductile cast iron

(a) contains 1.7 to 3.5% carbon in free state and is obtained by the slow cooling of molten cast iron

(b) is also known as chilled cast iron and is obtained by cooling rapidly. It is almost unmachinable

(c) is produced by annealing process. It is soft, tough and easily machined metal

(d) is produced by small additions of magnesium (or creium) in the ladle. Graphite is in nodular or spheroidal form and is well dispersed throughout the material

Ans: d

 

107. Tensile strength of steel can be safely in-creased by

(a) adding carbon up to 2.8%

(b) adding carbon up to 6.3%

(c) adding carbon up to 0.83%

(d) adding small quantities of copper

Ans: c

108. High carbon steel carries carbon %age c

(a) 0.1 to 0.3%

(b) 0.3 to 0.6%

(c) 0.6 to 0.8%

(d) 0.8 to 1.5%

Ans: d

109. Cobalt in steel

(a) improves wear resistance, cuttinability and toughness

(b) refines grain size and produces les tendency to carburisation, improve corrosion and heat resistant proper ties

(c) improves cutting ability and reduce hardenability

(d) gives ductility, toughness, tensile strength and anti corrosion

property:

Ans: c

110. The percentage of carbon in low carbon steel is

(a) 0.05%

(b) 0.15%

(c) 0.3%

(d) 0.5%

Ans: b

 

91. Vanadium in high speed steels

(a) promotes decarburisation

(b) provides high hot hardness

(c) forms very hard carbides and thus in-creases wear resistance

(d) promotes retention of austenite

Ans: c

92. Amorphous material is one

(a) in which atoms align themselves in a geometric pattern upon solidification

(b) in which there is no definite atomic structure and atoms exist in a random pattern just as in a liquid

(c) which is not attacked by phosphorous

(d) which emits fumes on melting

Ans: b

 

72. An engineer’s hammer is made of

(a) cast iron

(b) forged steel

(c) mild steel

(d) high carbon steel

Ans: d

73. Inconel is an alloy of

(a) nickel, chromium and iron

(b) nickel, copper

(c) nickel, chromium

(d) nickel, zinc

Ans: a

74. By severely deforming a metal in a particular direction it becomes

(a) ductile

(b) malleable

(c) homogeneous

(d) anisotropic.

Ans: d

75. Solder is an alloy consisting of

(a) tin, antimony, copper

(b) tin and copper

(c) tin and lead

(d) lead and zinc

Ans: b

 

62. Railway rails are normally made of

(a) mild steel

(b) alloy steel

(c) high carbon

(d) tungsten steel

Ans: c

63. Pick up the wrong statement

(a) aluminium in steel results in excessive grain growth

(b) manganese in steel induces hardness

(c) nickel and chromium in steel help in raising the elastic limit and improve the resilience and ductility

(d) tungsten in steels improves magnetic properties and hardenability

Ans: a

64. Pick up the wrong statement Nickel and chromium in steel help in

(a) providing corrosion resistance

(b) improving machining properties

(c) providing high strength at elevated temperatures

(d) raising the elastic limit

Ans: b

65. Machining properties of steel are improved by adding

(a) sulphur, lead, phosphorous

(b) silicon, aluminium, titanium

(c) vanadium, aluminium

(d) chromium, nickel

Ans: a

66. Eutectoid steel contains following percentage of carbon

(a) 0.02%

(b) 0.3%

(c) 0.63%

(d) 0.8%

Ans: d

67. The basic constituents of Hastelloy are

(a) aluminium, copper etc.

(b) nickel, molybdenum etc.

(c) nickel, copper, etc.

(d) all of the above

Ans: b

68. Basic constituents of Monel metal are

(a) nickel, copper

(b) nickel, molybdenum

(c) zinc, tin, lead

(d) nickel, lead and tin

Ans: a

69. German silver is an alloy of

(a) silver and some impurities

(b) refined silver

(c) nickel, copper and zinc

(d) nickel and copper

Ans: c

70. Surveying tapes are made of a material having low coefficient of expansion and enough strength. The alloy used is

(a) silver metal

(b) duralumin

(c) Hastelloy

(d) invar.

Ans: d

 

60. The most effective inhibitor of grain growth, when added in small quantities is

(a) carbon

(b) vanadium

(c) manganese

(d) cobalt

Ans: b

61. Depth of hardness of steel is increased by addition of

(a) nickel

(b) chromium

(c) tungsten

(d) vanadium

Ans: b

117. Melting point of iron is

(a) 1539°C

(b) 1601°C

(c) 1489°C

(d) 1712°C

Ans: a

 

56. Maximum percentage of carbon in ferrite is

(a) 0.025%

(b) 0.06%

(c) 0.1%

(d) 0.25%

Ans: a

57. Maximum percentage of carbon in austenite is

(a) 0.025%

(b) 0.26%

(c) 0.8%

(d) 1.25%

Ans: e

58. Corrosion resistance of steel is increased by addition of

(a) chromium and nickel

(b) sulphur, phosphorus, lead

(c) vanadium, aluminium

(d) tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, chromium

Ans: a

 

18. Which of the following constituents of steels is softest and least strong

(a) austenite

(b) pearlite

(c) ferrite

(d) cementlte

Ans: c

19. Which of the following represents the allotropic forms of iron

(a) alpha iron, beta iron and gamma iron

(b) alpha iron and beta iron

(c) body centred cubic a-iron and face centred cubic a-iron

(d) alpha iron, gamma from and delta iron

Ans: d

20. The following types of materials are usually the most ductile

(a) face-centred cubic lattice

(b) body-centred cubic lattice

(c) hexagonal close-packed lattice

(d) all of the above

Ans: a

21. Pure iron is the structure of

(a) ferrite

(b) pearlite

(c) anstenite

(d) ferrite and cementite

Ans: a

22. The temperature at which ferromagnetic alpha iron transforms to paramagnetic alpha iron is

(a) 770°C

(b) 910°C

(c) 1050°C

(d) below recrystallisation temperature

Ans: a

23. Gamma iron exits at following temperature

(a) room temperature

(b) near melting point

(c) between 1400°C and 1539°C

(d) between 910°C and 1400°C

Ans: d

24. Ferromagnetic alpha iron exists in temperature range of

(a) below 723°C

(b) 770 – 910°C

(c) 910-1440°C

(d) 1400-1539°C

Ans: a

25. Paramagnetic alpha iron changes to gamma iron at

(a) 770°C

(b) 910°C

(c) 1440°C

(d) 1539°C

Ans: b

26. A reversible change in the atomic structure of steel with corresponding change in the properties is known as

(a) molecular change

(b) physical change

(c) allotropic change

(d) solidus change

Ans: c

27. The molecules in a solid move

(a) in a random manner

(b) in a haphazard way

(c) in circular motion

(d) back and forth like tiny pendulums

Ans: d

28. The crystal structure of gamma iron is

(a) body centred cubic

(b) face centred cubic

(c) hexagonal close packed

(d) cubic structure

Ans: b

29. The crystal of alpha iron is

(a) body centred cubic

(b) face centred cubic

(c) hexagonal close packed

(d) cubic structure

Ans: a

 

30. The metallic structure of mild steel is

(a) body centred cubic

(b) face centred cubic

(c) hexagonal close packed

(d) cubic structure

Ans: a

31. For the allotropic forms of iron, the points of arrest are

(a) the points where no further change oc-curs

(b) constant for all metals

(c) the points where there is no further flow of metal

(d) the points of discontinuity

Ans: d

139. Brass contains

(a) 70% copper and 30% zinc

(b) 90% copper and 10% tin

(c) 85-92% copper and rest tin with little lead and nickel

(d) 70-75% copper and rest tin

Ans: a

 

32. The percentage of carbon in pig iron varies from

(a) 0.1 to 1.2%

(b) 1.5 to 2.5%

(c) 2.5 to 4%

(d) 4 to 4.5%

Ans: d

33. The percentage of carbon in grey iron castings usually varies between

(a) 0.5 to 1%

(b) 1 – 2%

(c) 2.5 to 4.5%

(d) 5 – 7%

Ans: c

34. Pig iron is the name given to

(a) raw material for blast furnace

(b) product of blast furnace made by reduction of iron ore

(c) iron containing huge quantities of carbon

(d) iron in molten form in the ladles

Ans: b

 

14)   At forging temperature when a compressive force is applied on the material, it deforms

a. elastically in the direction of least resistance
b. elastically in the direction of maximum resistance
c. plastically in the direction of least resistance
d. plastically in the direction of maximum resistance

ANSWER: (c) plastically in the direction of least resistance

 

1)   Which of the following statements is/are true for alloy steels?

a. They contain carbon more than 1.7%
b. They are ductile
c. They have low resilience and toughness
d. All of the above

ANSWER: (b) They are ductile

2)   Which of the following is a ferrous alloy?

a. Brass
b. Aluminum alloys
c. Cast steel
d. All of the above

ANSWER: (c) Cast steel

3)   Copper when alloyed with zinc is known as

a. Brass
b. Bronze
c. Babbits
d. All of the above

ANSWER: (a) Brass

4)   The plastic materials which do not undergo chemical change when heated are ____

a. Thermoplasts
b. Thermosets
c. Both a. and b.
d. None of the above

ANSWER: (a) Thermoplasts

5)   Which of the following is a characteristic of Polytetra-flouro-ethylene?

a. High coefficient of friction
b. Tough at high temperature
c. Resistance to chemical attack
d. All of the above

ANSWER: (c) Resistance to chemical attack

35. The unique property of cast iron is its high

(a) malleability

(b) ductility

(c) surface finish

(d) damping characteristics

Ans: d

36. Cast iron is characterised by minimum of following %age of carbon

(a) 0.2%

(b) 0.8%

(c) 1.3%

(d) 2%

Ans: d

37. In grey cast iron, carbon is present in the form of

(a) cementite

(b) free carbon

(c) flakes

(d) spheroids

Ans: c

38. In nodular iron, graphite is in the form of

(a) cementite

(b) free carbon

(C) flakes

(d) spheroids

Ans: d

39. In malleable iron, carbon is present in the form of

(a) cementite

(b) free carbon

(c) flakes

(d) nodular aggregates of graphite.

Ans: d

40. Wrought iron is

(a) hard

(b) high in strength

(c) highly resistant to corrosion

(d) heat treated to change its properties

Ans: c

41. Sulphur in pig iron tends to make it

(a) hard’

(b) soft

(c) ductile

(d) tough

Ans: a

42. Pick up wrong statement about wrought iron

(a) It contains carbon of the order of 0 to 0.25%

(b) It melts at 1535°C

(c) It is very soft and ductile

(d) It is made by adding suitable percent¬age of carbon to molten iron

and subjecting the product to repeated hammering and rolling.

Ans: d

43. Iron is

(a) paramagnetic

(b) ferromagnetic

(c) ferroelectric

(d) dielectric

Ans: b

44. A reversible change in the atomic structure of the steel with a corresponding change in the properties is known as

(a) allotropic change

(b) recrystallisation

(c) heat treatment

(d) precipitation

Ans: a

45. Chilled cast iron has

(a) no graphite

(b) a very high percentage of graphite

(c) a low percentage of graphite

(d) graphite as its basic constituent of composition

Ans: a

46. Cast iron has

(a) high tensile strength

(b) its elastic limit close to the ultimate breaking strength

(c) high ductility

(d) all of the above

Ans: b

47. White cast iron contains carbon in the form of

(a) free carbon

(b) graphite

(c) cementite

(d) white carbon

Ans: c

48. In mottled cast iron, carbon is available in

(a) free form

(b) combined form

(c) nodular form

(d) partly in free and partly in combined state.

Ans: d

49. An important property of high silicon (12 – 18%) cast

iron is the high

(a) tenacity

(b) brittleness

(c) plasticity

(d) hardness.

Ans: d

50. An important property of malleable cast iron in comparison to grey cast iron is the high

(a) compressive strength

(b) ductility

(c) carbon content

(d) hardness

Ans: b

51. Steel contains

(a) 80% or more iron

(b) 50% or more iron

(c) alloying elements like chromium, tungsten nickel and copper

(d) elements like phosphorus, sulphur and silicon in varying quantities

Ans: b

 

52. Carbon steel is

(a) made by adding carbon in steel

(b) refined from cast iron

(c) an alloy of iron and carbon with varying quantities of phosphorus and sulphur

(d) extensively used for making cutting tools

Ans: c

53. Annealing of white cast iron results in production of

(a) malleable iron

(b) nodular iron

(c) spheroidal iron

(d) grey iron

Ans: a

54. ‘Killed steels’ are those steels

(a) which are destroyed by burning

(b) which after their destruction are recycled to produce fresh steel

(c) which are deoxidised in the ladle with silicon and aluminium

(d) in which carbon is completely burnt

Ans: c

118. Compressive strength of grey cast iron in tonnes/cm is of the

order of

(a) 3- 5

(b) 5-7

(c) 7-10

(d) 10-15

Ans: b

121. The machinability of steel is increased by

(a) silicon and sulphur

(b) phosphorous, lead and Sulphur

(c) sulphur, graphite and aluminium

(d) phosphorous and aluminium

Ans: b

122. The following element can’t impart high strength at elevated

temperature

(a) manganese

(b) magnesium

(c) nickel

(d) silicon

Ans: b